What Are AMRs and How Do They Work?
Autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are making the warehousing industry more efficient and adaptable than ever. But what exactly are AMRs, and why are they key in modern warehouses? Below, we share everything you need to know about what AMRs are, their benefits, and how they’re changing the future of warehouse automation.
Defining Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs)
AMRs are automated machines designed to transport goods in a facility. They use advanced sensors, cameras, and software to navigate their environment without needing fixed guides or tracks. This key difference differentiates them from automated guided vehicles (AGVs), which need predefined paths.
AMRs can operate in many environments, including warehouses and factories. They use technology like simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and/or QR Code Navigation to create real-time maps to avoid obstacles and find the fastest routes to their destinations.
The rise of AMRs in warehouses meets the need for greater flexibility in logistics. Traditional systems often need automation to keep up with the demands of modern warehouses, with layouts and operations changing constantly. AMRs are ideal for these dynamic environments as they can easily adjust to new tasks.
Types of Autonomous Mobile Robots
Goods-to-Person AMRs
Goods-to-Person AMRs (G2P AMRs) bring items directly to workers to reduce time spent walking through the warehouse. Workers remain at their designated stations while robots retrieve items, making work more efficient. This type of AMR is popular in industries that prioritize speed and accuracy.
Person-to-Goods AMRs
Person-to-Goods AMRs (P2G AMRs) are the opposite of G2P-AMRs. Rather than bringing items to workers, these AMRs bring workers to the items. Advanced navigation technology allows P2G AMRs to lead pickers through optimal routes for faster and more accurate picking. This type of AMR is popular in warehouses that are looking to make their human workers more efficient while not reducing the workforce headcount.
Sorting AMRs
Sorting AMRs organize and direct products to their appropriate locations. These robots streamline processes like parcel sorting to reduce manual labor and human error. They are primarily used in fulfillment centers to assist with high volumes of shipments.
Transport AMRs
Transport AMRs move pallets, bins, or carts between locations within a facility. These robots complete repetitive tasks like moving goods between receiving docks and storage areas to improve workflow and free up workers for more complex tasks.
Benefits of Autonomous Mobile Robots
Improved Efficiency
Because they automate repetitive activities such as picking, sorting, and transporting goods, AMRs complete tasks faster than human workers, allowing warehouses to process more orders in less time. Because AMRs do not need breaks like human workers, they can operate 24/7 during peak times for maximum productivity.
Greater Flexibility
Unlike traditional automation systems that require fixed paths or tracks, AMRs use sensors and bumpers to navigate the warehouse. Their adaptability to sudden changes in the warehouse makes them an invaluable asset for dynamic environments. Whether adding new inventory or scaling operations, AMRs can adjust without significant reprogramming or infrastructure changes.
Cost-Effectiveness
Though AMRs require an upfront investment, they offer significant cost savings over time. Warehouses that use AMRs for repetitive tasks lower operational expenses by reducing reliance on manual labor. AMRs also minimize errors in picking and sorting, reducing costs associated with returns or corrections. Improved efficiency and fewer errors result in a significant ROI in a relatively short period.
Increased Scalability
Operational demands can increase quickly for growing businesses. Scaling with AMRs is simpler and more cost-effective than other automation systems. Adding more robots to a fleet is more straightforward than expanding infrastructure for traditional automation systems or hiring new staff. This scalability also works the opposite way—warehouses can scale down quickly after peak seasons by removing robots as needed.
Greater Safety
Worker safety is often the top priority in warehouses. AMRs use sensors and real-time mapping technology to detect and navigate around obstacles, including people. These sensors make AMRs safer to work alongside than many other types of automation equipment. AMRs can also handle physically demanding or hazardous tasks, reducing the risk of worker injuries from manually completing these tasks.
Improved Accuracy
Accurate order fulfillment is crucial for positive customer experiences. AMRs use precise mapping and integrated software to pick, transport, and sort goods. Reducing human error in these processes helps businesses maintain high-quality standards and improve customer satisfaction.
Positive Worker Experience
AMRs take on repetitive, time-consuming, and hazardous tasks so human workers can engage in more value-added activities like problem-solving and customer service. By contributing more to strategic operations, workers become more productive and satisfied with their jobs.
Industries Benefiting from Autonomous Mobile Robots
The versatility of AMRs makes them valuable for many industries. Some of the top sectors benefiting from this automated technology include:
- E-Commerce and Retail: AMRs efficiently manage high SKU counts and rapid delivery expectations.
- Manufacturing: AMRs transport raw materials and finished goods to streamline production processes.
- Cold Chain Logistics: Cold-adapted AMRs move perishable goods like food and pharmaceuticals in temperature-controlled environments without compromising storage conditions.
Challenges and Considerations
Though AMRs offer many benefits, warehouses should consider potential challenges before implementing them. The upfront cost of purchasing AMRs and integrating them into existing systems is significant. However, the long-term savings of these robots often outweigh the initial costs. Businesses should carefully evaluate their budget before committing to new technology.
Older warehouses may require updates to existing software, systems, or layouts. To work effectively, AMRs must be compatible with existing Warehouse Management Systems (WMS). Warehouses should also consider whether their layout and workflows are compatible with AMR technology. AMRs cannot navigate through too narrow of aisles or overly cluttered warehouse floors, so warehouses may need to prepare to make layout changes.
Introducing AMRs also means workers must learn to operate and work alongside these robots. Training programs can ease this transition and prevent significant issues before they arise.
Final Thoughts
AMRs are changing the way warehouses operate. With their independent navigation and adaptability, AMRs are an invaluable asset for modern warehouses. From improved efficiency to long-term cost savings, AMRs are a wise investment for future growth.
Contact Prime today to learn more about how AMRs can benefit your warehouse.
